This report provides the latest scientific evidence on the impacts of human activity on nature and their socio-economic implications, laying out the challenges and opportunities facing re/insurers and how they, as risk managers and investors, can support the development of a nature-positive economy and incentivise sustainable business models.

Environmental, social and governance (ESG) considerations have become integral to insurance business models and strategies. Though focus has mainly been on the ‘E’ and ‘G’ dimensions until now, crises such as the Ukraine war and the pandemic have contributed to shifting attention to social sustainability. This report explores how insurers can extend their inherent social utility to better address the ‘S’ dimension of ESG.

Data-driven personalisation in insurance offers considerable advantages to customers, such as increased affordability, improved access and better personal well-being due to enhanced loss prevention. It also presents a range of challenges, including pricing out of customers with higher loss expectations and issues around data security and privacy. This issue brief examines how insurers can responsibly capitalise on the benefits of increased data availability to better serve their customers, without compromising on trust.

This third and final Geneva Association report on climate change risk assessment presents comprehensive yet practical guidance to help re/insurers implement more holistic assessment and forward-looking scenario analysis in their business models. The report reflects input from key regulatory and standard-setting bodies across jurisdictions and includes three examples of business use cases.

The frequency of ransomware attacks is increasing, along with the size of ransom demands. While cyber insurance provides vital financial protection and operational support in the event of an attack, ransomware has contributed to the deterioration in cyber insurers’ underwriting performance. Enriched by re/insurer insights and learnings, this report identifies the challenges and economic externalities of ransomware, highlighting that cyber insurance and policy can work together to boost cybersecurity and, more broadly, socio-economic resilience.